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1 、动词 V
1 )实义动词:
及物动词 + 宾语(后面必须加宾语才能使句意完整)
不及物动词(不能直接加宾语 or 可以不加宾语,加宾语时要加介词)
We arrived at the railway station at noon. (at 不能省去 ) arrive: 不及物动词
We reached the railway station at noon. reach :及物动词
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. (to 不可省去 ) listen :不及物动词
We all heard the lecture. hear: 及物动词
She came last week. come: 不及物动词
He bought an English dictionary. buy: 及物动词
双宾语:及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
She taught us maths. 她教我们数学。
My mother gave me a new pen. 母亲给了我一支新钢笔。
常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有:
give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook 等。
2 )助动词:
帮助实义动词形成谓语结构。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用
He is swimming. (is 是助动词; is swimming 是谓语 ) He doesn't like English. ( doesn't 是助动词,无词义; like 是实义动词动词,有词义; doesn ’ t like 是谓 语 ) 助动词常用的有哪些呢?
(1) am, is, are ,was ,were, (帮助变进行时态 , 帮助变被动语态)
(2) do ,does, did (帮助句子变疑问句 , 否定句 , 强调谓语动词作用)
(3)has ,have (帮助句子变现在完成时态作用)
(4) had , (帮助句子变过去完成时态 , 以及虚拟语气倒装)
(5) will ,shall, be going to (帮助句子变一般将来时态)
(6) would ,should (帮助句子变过去将来时态)
a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 |
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